## Description:
This pull request introduces the Firewall class and extends the ACLRule functionality within PrimAITE to provide comprehensive network traffic management and security capabilities. These enhancements enable detailed control over data flow through network simulations, mimicking real-world firewall operations and ACL configurations. The updates focus on the addition of a Firewall node that extends the Router class functionalities and the enhancement of ACLRule to support IP ranges through wildcard masking, thus offering granular traffic filtering based on IP addresses, protocols, ports, and more.
## Key Features:
**Firewall Class:** A new class that extends the Router class, incorporating firewall-specific logic for inspecting, directing, and filtering traffic between the internal, external, and DMZ (De-Militarized Zone) network interfaces. The Firewall class supports configuring network interfaces and applying Access Control Lists (ACLs) for inbound and outbound traffic control.
**Enhanced ACLRule:** The ACLRule class has been updated to support IP ranges using wildcard masking. This allows for more flexible rule definitions, enabling users to specify broad network ranges or individual IP addresses in ACL rules.
**Comprehensive ACL Configuration:** Six distinct ACLs (internal inbound, internal outbound, DMZ inbound, DMZ outbound, external inbound, and external outbound) provide meticulous control over traffic flow, ensuring robust network security. Examples included in the documentation illustrate how to configure ACLs for common scenarios, such as blocking external threats, permitting specific services, and restricting access to sensitive internal resources.
**Intuitive Interface and ACL Management:** Simplified methods for configuring firewall interfaces and ACL rules enhance usability. The Firewall class offers intuitive functions for rule management, including adding, removing, and listing ACL rules.
**Detailed Documentation and Examples:** Accompanying the code updates, comprehensive documentation and example configurations are provided, detailing the use and configuration of the Firewall node and ACL rules within PrimAITE simulations.
## Impact:
The introduction of the Firewall class and the enhancement of ACLRule significantly broaden PrimAITE's capabilities for simulating realistic network security scenarios. Users can now accurately model the behavior of firewalls in their network simulations, applying complex ACLs to control traffic flow and enforce security policies. This update enables more detailed network security analyses, teaching, and experimentation within the PrimAITE environment.
## Test process
Extensive unit tests have been added to cover the new functionality, ensuring reliability and correctness. Tests include scenarios for firewall configuration, ACL rule application, traffic filtering based on various criteria, and interaction between different network zones.
## Checklist
- [X] PR is linked to ...
## Summary
*Replace this text with an explanation of what the changes are and how you implemented them. Can this impact any other parts of the codebase that we should keep in mind?*
## Test process
*How have you tested this (if applicable)?*
## Checklist
- [Y] PR is linked to a **work item**
- [Y] **acceptance criteria** of linked ticket are met
- [Y ] performed **self-review** of the code
- [N] written **tests** for any new functionality added with this PR
- [Y] updated the **documentation** if this PR changes or adds functionality
- [N] written/updated **design docs** if this PR implements new functionality
- [N] updated the **change log**
- [Y] ran **pre-commit** checks for code style
- [N] attended to any **TO-DOs** left in the code
Related work items: #2068
- changelog added
- added documentation + example of using web server + web browser
- extended web server so that it also accepts ip addresses
- web server can differentiate between a normal page request and one that propagates into a DB request
- rename WebServerService -> WebServer
- Added more switch tests.
- Updated ACL tests to use router acl.
- Updated more docs.
- Moved the Jupyter notebooks to _package_data and fixed up the setup to move all notebooks to ~/primaite/notebooks/example_notebooks.
